Which of the following statements is correct with respect to flagella and cilia?
A) The flagellum is usually at the leading end of a swimming sperm cell.
B) Cilia generate a force parallel to the cell surface.
C) There usually are fewer cilia than flagella.
D) Cilia generally are longer than flagella.
E) Cilia often have a helical pattern of movement.
Answer: B
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Which one of the following would least likely be used during translation?
A. initiation factors B. release factors C. sigma factors D. elongation factors E. All of the answer choices would be equally likely to be used during translation.
Why is transcription-coupled repair (TCR) considered particularly efficient when compared to nucleotide excision repair (NER)?
A. The exinuclease employed in TCR removes a smaller fragment containing the damage. B. TCR targets transcriptionally active regions for repair over damage in less active parts of the genome. C. It uses error-prone polymerases so it can move through damaged areas faster. D. It directly repairs the damage rather than removing and replacing the damaged strand. E. TCR requires less protein interactions.
Which of the following is NOT a general category of cell signaling molecules?
Endocrine signaling Enzymatic signaling Paracrine signaling Synaptic signaling
The punctuated equilibrium model of evolution suggests that new species appear
A. gradually over very short periods of time so that intermediate species are often observed in the fossil record. B. gradually; as groups become isolated, they slowly evolve through their own individual pathways. C. gradually after long periods of time with little to no change; as groups become isolated, they slowly evolve through their own individual pathways. D. suddenly after long periods of time with little to no change. E. only after older species disappear from the fossil record.