________________ is the search for evidence that only supports a preexisting belief, whereas ______________ involves accepting preexisting evidence, only if it confirms a belief
A) Confirmation bias; belief perseverance
B) Belief perseverance; confirmation bias
C) The availability heuristic; the representativeness heuristic
D) The representativeness heuristic; the availability heuristic
Answer: A
Rationale: Belief perseverance occurs when an individual believes he or she has the solution to the problem or the correct answer for a question, and accepts only evidence that will confirm those beliefs. Confirmation bias occurs when an individual searches for only evidence that will confirm his or her beliefs instead of evidence that might disconfirm them. This differs from belief perseverance in that confirmation bias is the search for a particular type of evidence, not a way of evaluating evidence that already exists.
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The Human Genome Project has spawned a renewed interest into whether racial/ethnic/cultural groups may differ in their genetic makeup and whether some groups are more genetically vulnerable to certain diseases compared to others
a) True b) False
Biased data collection is an example of:
a. demand characteristics. b. ecological invalidity. c. experimenter effects. d. the Hawthorne effect.
________________is the loss or weakening of a conditioned response when a conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus no longer occur together
A) Generalization B) Forgetting C) Spontaneous recovery D) Extinction
Forewarning is similar to ______, because it encourages the generation of counterarguments.
A. attitude strength B. attitude inoculation C. openness to experience D. speaker credibility