Briefly describe the effect of deposition of antibody or complement on the surface of a pathogen or antigen in relation to opsonization
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Opsonization is the enhancement of phagocytosis due to the deposition of antibody or complex on the surface of a pathogen or other antigen. If complement binds to an antibody-antigen complex on the cell surface, the cell is even more likely to be ingested. This is because most phagocytes, including neutrophils, macrophages, and B cells, have antibody receptors (FcR) as well as C3 receptors (C3R). These receptors bind the antibody constant domain and C3 complement protein respectively. Normal phagocytic processes are enhanced about tenfold by antibody binding and amplified another tenfold by C3 binding.
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Which of the following is true when comparing an uncatalyzed reaction to the same reaction with a catalyst?
A) The catalyzed reaction will be slower. B) The catalyzed reaction will have the same ?G. C) The catalyzed reaction will have higher activation energy. D) The catalyzed reaction will consume all of the catalyst.
Which of the following structures of the eye is matched appropriately with its developmental material?
a. cornea ? ectoderm b. cornea ? crystallin c. lens ? optic cup d. retina ? crystallin e. retina ? ectoderm
How do birth control pills prevent fertilization?
A. They alter the uterine environment so that sperm cannot survive. B. They prevent follicle development and ovulation. C. The provide hCG, indicating that fertilization has already occurred. D. They inhibit menstruation. E. They prevent implantation.
Which human protein do human skin fungal
pathogens typically digest?
a. collagen b. elastin c. myosin d. keratin e. pepsin