What is the connection between a scatter plot and a calculation of correlation? (Select all that apply.)
a. Constructing a scatter plot allows the researcher to visualize in advance whether a calculation of linear correlation is likely to reveal a relationship between the variables.
b. Constructing a scatter plot produces a correlation coefficient, as does calculating correlation.
c. A calculation of correlation should be performed before constructing a scatter plot, because the calculation is more scientific.
d. The scatter plot provides a visual representation of the connection between two variables; a correlational calculation provides a quantification of the connection between the same variables.
e. Just like calculation of correlation, constructing a scatter plot provides a way to quantify explained variance.
ANS: A, D
Scatter plots or scatter diagrams provide useful preliminary information about the nature of the relationship between variables. The researcher should develop and examine scatter diagrams before performing correlational analysis. Scatter plots may be useful for selecting appropriate correlational procedures, but most correlational procedures are useful for examining linear relationships only. A scatter plot can easily identify nonlinear relationships; if the data are nonlinear, the researcher should select statistical alternatives such as nonlinear regression analysis. A scatter plot is created by plotting the values of two variables on an x and y axis.
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