The nurse is reviewing modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors of osteoporosis with a patient. What should the nurse include as modifiable risk factors?
Select all that apply.
1. calcium deficiency
2. high-protein diet
3. female
4. decrease in estrogen levels
5. diabetes mellitus
Correct Answer: 1, 2, 4
Calcium deficiency is an important modifiable risk factor that contributes to osteoporosis. Calcium and vitamin D supplements and a diet including foods high in calcium and vitamin D will help correct the deficiency. A high-protein diet can cause acidosis, which can contribute to osteoporosis since calcium is withdrawn from the kidney as the kidneys attempt to buffer the excess acid. Acidosis can also directly stimulate osteoclast function. Being female is an unmodifiable risk factor. Decreasing levels of the hormone estrogen are a modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis. Diabetes mellitus is not a modifiable risk factor, although it may be controlled.
You might also like to view...
The nurse is teaching parents about potential causes of colic in infancy. Which should the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.)
a. Overeating b. Understimulation c. Frequent burping d. Parental smoking e. Swallowing excessive air
Which is the best indication of learning?
a. Always using information appropriately b. Acquiring new knowledge that results in a persistent change of behavior c. Consistently making good grades on tests taken during school or college d. Identifying important health promotion information to teach patients and families
The nurse is caring for a patient after recent renal transplantation. The patient is taking sirolimus (Rapamune) to prevent transplant rejection. What other medications would the nurse expect the patient to be taking?
a. Rifampin and ketoconazole b. Carbamazepine and phenobarbital c. Cyclosporine and glucocorticoids d. Amphotericin B and erythromycin
When a patient's CT scan reveals a lesion above the pontine micturition center, which condition would the nurse expect?
a. Dyssynergia b. Detrusor hyperreflexia c. Detrusor areflexia d. Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia