When teaching a patient about esophageal speech, which technique should the nurse instruct the patient to use first?
a. Coordinate lip and tongue movements with produced sound.
b. Relax the diaphragm to allow air into the esophagus.
c. Cough to express air.
d. Swallow air and force it back up through the esophagus.
D
Many people are able to learn esophageal speech. First, the patient should master the art of swallowing air and then moving it forcibly back up through the esophagus. Next, the patient should learn to coordinate lip and tongue movements with the sound produced by the air passing over vibrating folds of the esophagus. The sounds may be somewhat hoarse, but are more natural than the sounds produced by an artificial larynx. Relaxing the diaphragm and coughing to ex-press air are not methods to achieve esophageal speech.
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