The nurse is planning to instruct a patient with sickle cell disease on ways to avoid a painful crisis. Which of the following should be included in these instructions?
1. limit alcohol consumption
2. eat a diet low in protein
3. avoid carbohydrates
4. avoid excessive exercise and smoking cessation
4
Rationale: There are several factors to cause a painful sickle cell disease crisis. These factors include: abrupt temperature changes, anxiety, excessive exercise, fever, hypoxia, infection, smoking, and stress. The nurse should instruct the patient to avoid excessive exercise and to not smoke. Alcohol does not impact the onset of a painful crisis. Dietary changes do not impact the onset of a painful crisis.
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