Fran wants to teach her dog to sit. Initially she gives her dog a "treat" anytime he even lifts his head and looks at her. Eventually she plans to only give him treats when he actually looks up and sits at the same time. Based on what is known about operant conditioning, you should conclude that Fran plans to train her dog using the process known as:
a. shaping
b. negative reinforcement
c. adventitious reinforcement
d. vicarious reinforcement
A
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In the early 20th century, psychologists were inclined to explain motivated behavior by attributing it to __________.
A. emotions B. incentives C. learned responses D. instincts
Lashley trained rats on a variety of mazes, then made deep cuts in their cortexes. He found that the cuts produced ____
a. a temporary impairment b. a permanent impairment c. day-to-day fluctuations in performance d. little apparent effect
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is often accompanied by all of the following EXCEPT a. severe generalized anxiety. b. major depression
c. visual hallucinations. d. panic attacks.
Isaac belonged to the “brains” in his school, not the “jocks.” These are examples of
a. cliques. b. deviancy training. c. close friendships. d. crowds.