Describe three different types of valve stem seals.

What will be an ideal response?


The O-ring seal helps to deflect oil away from the valve stem by sealing the valve spring retainer to the stem just under the keepers.

Umbrella seals hold onto the stem just under the retainer and act just like their name by causing the rain of oil to drip around the guide. This type of seal moves up and down with the valve.

The positive seal attaches to the valve guide and prevents excessive oil consumption by wiping oil off of the stem as the valve moves up and down inside of it. This is considered to be the most effective type of seal.

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A. one-and-a-half times B. two times C. two-and-a-half times D. three times

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Horizontal branches in a roof drainage system are usually installed with a slope of 1/8 inch per foot, which is equivalent to a slope of _____.

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