In disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), what activates the coagulation cascade?
a. Cytokines, such as platelet-activating factor (PAF), and tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-?)
b. Thromboxane A, causing platelets to aggregate and consume clotting factors
c. Tissue factor (TF) located in the endothelial layer of blood vessels and subcutaneous tissue
d. Endotoxins from gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria circulating in the bloodstream
Ans: c. Tissue factor (TF) located in the endothelial layer of blood vessels and subcutaneous tissue
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When evaluating outcomes for a client with substance abuse problems, what must the nurse remember?
A) Ownership of the problem is not necessary. B) Abstinence is not necessary with all clients. C) Recovery is an ongoing process of commitment toward a goal of abstinence. D) Recovery is achieved when a client has not used a drug in 5 years.
A patient has been taking fluoxetine [Prozac] for 2 years and reports feeling cured of depression. The nurse learns that the patient is sleeping well, participates in usual activities, and feels upbeat and energetic most of the time
The patient's weight has returned to normal. The patient reports last having symptoms of depression at least 9 months ago. What will the nurse tell this patient? a. Indefinite drug therapy is necessary to maintain remission. b. Discuss gradual withdrawal of the medi-cation with the provider. c. Stop the drug while remaining alert for the return of symptoms. d. Take a drug holiday to see whether symptoms recur.
The nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Which of the following characteristics are associated with this disorder? (Select all that apply.)
1. Recurrent abdominal pain 2. Abdominal pain that improves with defecation 3. Pain associated with a change in stool frequency 4. Pain associated with a change in stool appearance 5. Pain that occurs only during defecation 6. Pain associated with passing flatus