Discuss, with an example of each, the issues that can arise when conducting research — objectivity and bias, overstating results, and professional ethics. Explain how universities try to limit some of these problems
What will be an ideal response?
strive for objectivity to ensure that prejudices or assumptions do not contaminate the research. The researcher will always have some effect on the research, for example by choosing a topic that interests the researcher. However, the researcher should strive for value neutrality to keep his/her biases or values from distorting the research. Avoid overstating the results by trying to generalize findings from a small group to a larger population or by inferring causation from correlation. Maintaining professional ethics includes not being influenced by a funding source, not harming research participants, seeking informed consent (though this can be waived if the subjects will not be harmed and full information would affect the results), informing research participants that they may stop at any time (continuous consent), preserving confidentiality and promising anonymity, not deceiving subjects (unless there is no harm and they are debriefed afterwards), and ensuring appropriate treatment of protected groups such as children, college students, and prisoners. Universities have IRBs (Institutional Review Boards) that review proposed research to ensure that issues or professional ethics will be handled appropriately.
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___________ The nuclear family into which a person is born
What will be an ideal response?
How does primary socialization differ from anticipatory socialization?
What will be an ideal response?
Sex chromosomes, reproductive organs, and physical characteristics are all ________ characteristics that distinguish us humans by ________.
A. biological; gender B. social; sex C. social; gender D. biological; sex
Women are more likely than men to work in positions that are poorly paid within the same occupational field. For instance, women are more likely to be dental hygienists than dentists, or legal assistants rather than lawyers. Many women might feel that this is a personal shortcoming, despite institutionalized discrimination and prejudices held against them. This is an example of ______.
A. the globalization of inequality as applied to women B. McDonaldization of society as it applies to women C. the effects of the social construction of reality D. the links between private troubles and public issues using sociological imagination