According to labeling theory, _____ involves offending that is not punished and/or has little long-term influence on or consequences for the actor.

a. differential reinforcement
b. primary deviance
c. deviance amplification
d. secondary deviance


b. primary deviance

Criminal Justice

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The CompStat process was introduced by:

A) the New York City Police Department B) Jerome Skolnick C) the Tulsa Police Department D) Herman Goldstein

Criminal Justice

What constitutes adequate provocation to reduce murder to manslaughter?

What will be an ideal response?

Criminal Justice

Which of the following is NOT a type of police misconduct identified by Ellywn Stoddard?

A. bribery B. chiseling C. extortion D. panhandling

Criminal Justice

Case law:

a. a review of criminal court cases by state and/or federal appellate courts. b. can emanate from civil litigation against criminal justice agencies. c. impacts powerfully on criminal justice agencies. d. all of these

Criminal Justice