Which of the following situations could cause an excessive negative pressure on the right atrium during ECMO? 1. Hypovolemia 2. Insufficient height of the patient 3. A kink in the cannula or circuit tubing 4. Hypervolemia
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1, 2, and 3 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 2, 3, and 4 only
ANS: B
Servo regulation is commonly used as a safety mechanism to prevent excessive negative pressure on the right atrium in the presence of inadequate volume. This situation can result from hypovolemia, insufficient height of the patient (poor gravity-assisted flow), or a kink in the can-nula or circuit tubing.
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