The word "cascade" can be defined as a series of small waterfalls, one leading to the next
Describe a specific second-messenger cascade that results from the series of chemical reactions (from one to the next) initiated by a hormone binding to its receptor.
What will be an ideal response?
One example is how glucagon works through the cAMP, PKA cascade to cause release of glucose from liver cells. The receptor activates the G protein, which activates AC, which synthesizes cAMP, which activates PKA, which phosphorylates enzymes within the liver cell.
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The gastroenterologist has just determined that you have a blockage in your jejunum and he will have to perform surgery, making a small incision in the wall to remove the obstruction. Which tunic will be cut first?
A. Mucosa B. Submucosa C. Tunica muscularis D. Serosa E. Adventitia
The thoracic cavity lies _____________ the abdominopelvic cavity
A) superior to B) dorsal (posterior) to C) ventral (anterior) to D) inferior to
What do all hormones have in common?
A. They are made from amino acids. B. They are bound to transport molecules in the blood. C. They bind to and interact with a receptor on or in the target cell. D. They use the second messenger mechanism to control the target cell. E. They are all lipid-soluble.
The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is
A) gastrin. B) enteropeptidase. C) secretin. D) cholecystokinin. E) rennin.