Which are recommended measures to help minimize pain associated with vaccine administration? (Select all that apply.)
a. Administer acetaminophen or ibuprofen before the vaccine is given.
b. Apply a topical anesthetic to the injection site before the vaccine is given.
c. Give intramuscular vaccines rapidly without aspiration.
d. Have the child lie down while the vaccine is given.
e. Provide tactile stimulation as a diversion.
B, C, E
Topical anesthetics and tactile stimulation are helpful for minimizing pain associated with vaccine administration, as is giving IM injections rapidly without aspirating. Acetaminophen and ibuprofen are not recommended, because they can inhibit the immune response to the vaccine. Allowing the child to sit up helps minimize pain.
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1. Using active listening techniques when in the child's hospital room. 2. Sitting in the room as time permits and looking the parents in the eye. 3. Avoiding tears in the child's room. 4. Offering to call and notify family. 5. Recognizing that these parents' needs are greater than the other patients and staying with the parents.
The nurse is reviewing literature to determine the death rate due to cardiovascular disease in the United States. The nurse understands that the information he is seeking indicates:
A) morbidity. B) mortality. C) disability-adjusted life-years. D) prevalence.
A client in diabetic ketoacidosis has an elevated serum potassium ion (K+) level. The nurse explains to the client that this is caused by
a. bicarbonate loss in the urine instead of K+ loss. b. binding of H+ to blood proteins. c. increased reabsorption of K+ in the distal tubule of the nephron. d. secretion by the kidneys of H+ and retention of K+.
Which of the following anatomic landmark associations is correct?
A) 2nd intercostal space for needle insertion in tension pneumothorax B) T6 for lower margin of endotracheal tube C) Sternal angle marks the 4th rib D) 5th intercostal space for chest tube insertion