Probation received its start from the innovations of:

a. Women trained as social workers.
b. Female police officers.
c. Reformed inmates.
d. The governors' association.


a

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Available data indicate that the largest number of hate crimes are motivated by _____ bias

a) ethnic/national origin b) racial c) religious d) sexual orientation

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Some alternatives to the juvenile justice system practices for offenders and youth peer service providers include:

a. Teen courts and peer mediation b. Peer group meet-ups c. Restorative justice efforts such as increased policing d. Peer pressure

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__________ management is the process of acquiring, training, appraising, and compensating employees

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

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According to the text, which of the following statements about corrections officers' unions is true?

a. The workforce at most prisons is not organized into unions. b. Unions usually put the goals of the institution above the needs of individual officers. c. Researchers see unions as being resistant to attempts to discipline officers engaging in misconduct. d. Unions encourage their members to report instances of misconduct, for the good of the overall workforce.

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