A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing a flat affect, paranoid delusions, anhedonia, anergia, neologisms, and echolalia. Which statement correctly differentiates the client's positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
1. Paranoid delusions, anhedonia, and anergia are positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
2. Paranoid delusions, neologisms, and echolalia are positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
3. Paranoid delusions, anergia, and echolalia are negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
4. Paranoid delusions, flat affect, and anhedonia are negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
2
Rationale: The nurse should recognize that positive symptoms of schizophrenia include, but are not limited to, paranoid delusions, neologisms, and echolalia. The negative symptoms of schizophrenia include, but are not limited to, flat affect, anhedonia, and anergia. Positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functions. Negative symptoms reflect a diminution or loss of normal functions.
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