When we say that an assessment instrument has norms, we mean that it:
a. can be interpreted with reference to others who have taken the assessment.
b. has a manual that provides information about reliability and validity.
c. has cutoffs regarding what is acceptable performance.
d. has a distribution of test scores that fit a bell curve
Answer is a. can be interpreted with reference to others who have taken the assessment.
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Which of the following characteristics best describes the physical development of middle school students?
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A. reinforcement is more powerful in shaping behavior than punishment. B. only involuntary responses can be classically conditioned. C. shaping is an effective way to learn a new behavior. D. people also can learn through imitation of behaviors they observe.