Discuss the "critical stage" at which counsel is necessary under the Sixth Amendment
What will be an ideal response?
The Supreme Court has stated that the critical stage begins when a defendant's rights may be lost or waived, privileges may be lost or waived, or beyond which point the outcome of the case may be otherwise substantially affected. This is a particularly contentious topic in terms of indigent defendants who are unable to afford counsel. Over time, the Court has extended the notion of the critical stage of counsel from application to capital cases (Powell v. Alabama) to felony cases (Gideon v. Wainwright) to cases that may result in more than six months imprisonment (Argesinger v. Hamlin) to the appeals process (Douglas v. California) and back to lineups
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"Paper hangers" engage in what form of crime?
a. They serve as distractions during professional shoplifting jobs. b. They assist fences in the retailing of stolen merchandise. c. They pass bad checks or other documents. d. For a fee, they light fires for professional arsonists.
Which of the following is a characteristic of Gesellschaft societies?
a. simple b. normative consensus c. heterogeneous d. communal
Why are there not rulings on the constitutionality of many IT tools?
A. There is disagreement over the use of these tools. B. Many of the tools are very new. C. Different municipalities use vastly different technologies. D. There are not enough IT tools to merit rulings on their use.