The nurse who is assessing a client newly admitted to the medical–surgical unit with glomerulonephritis expects to find which of the following classic manifestations of this disorder?
1. Acute flank pain, nausea, and vomiting
2. Hematuria, proteinuria, and edema
3. Headache, fever, dehydration
4. Weight loss, anemia, and fatigue
2. Hematuria, proteinuria, and edema
Rationale:
Hematuria, proteinuria, and edema are the classic signs of glomerular disease because this disorder affects the structure and function of the glomerulus, disrupting glomerular filtration. This increased permeability in the glomeruli leads to plasma proteins being lost in the urine as well as red blood cells. Edema occurs because of the loss of plasma proteins, namely albumin. Acute flank pain, nausea, and vomiting are more characteristic of renal calculi. Headache, fever, dehydration, weight loss, anemia, and fatigue are nonspecific symptoms that can occur with many disorders, but not typically with glomerulonephritis.
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