The sleep–wake cycle is ultimately controlled by the part of the brain called the
A) optical nerve.
B) substantia nigra
C) suprachiasmatic nucleus.
D) median forebrain bundle.
Answer: C
Rationale: One key brain structure in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Cells in the retina of the eye relay messages about light levels in the environment to the SCN. The SCN in turn communicates signals about light levels with the pineal gland. The pineal gland releases a hormone called melatonin, which peaks at nighttime and is reduced during wakefulness. Thanks to this system, light is the primary stimulus regulating our circadian rhythm and it tells us to sleep at night and stay awake for the day.
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