Briefly describe what happens in each of the following schedules of reinforcement:
a. continuous
b. intermittent or partial schedules
c. ratio schedules (fixed vs. variable)
d. interval schedules (fixed vs. variable)
A schedule of reinforcement determines which occurrences of a specific response result in the presentation of a reinforcer:
a. Continuous reinforcement occurs when every instance of a designated response is reinforced (faster acquisition, faster extinction).
b. Intermittent reinforcement occurs when a designated response is reinforced only some of the time (greater resistance to extinction).
c. Ratio schedules require the organism to make the designated response a certain number of times to gain each reinforcer.
i) A fixed-ratio schedule entails giving a reinforcer after a fixed number of non-reinforced responses.
ii) A variable ratio schedule entails giving a reinforcer after a variable number of non-reinforced responses.
d. Interval schedules require a time period to pass between the presentation of reinforcers.
i) A fixed-interval schedule entails reinforcing the first response that occurs after a fixed time interval has elapsed.
ii) A variable-interval schedule entails giving the reinforcer for the first response after a variable time interval has elapsed.
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