An HIV-infected patient has cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and a CD4+ lymphocyte count of 150 cells/mm3. How should the nurse interpret this data?
A) The patient has primary HIV infection.
B) The patient is in the chronic stage of HIV infection.
C) The patient has symptomatic HIV.
D) The patient has AIDS.
D) The patient has AIDS.
Explanation: A) Primary HIV infection is a nonspecific, acute syndrome that occurs 2-4 weeks after viral infection and lasts for 1-2 weeks. The most common signs and symptoms are fever, fatigue, headache, arthralgias, lymphadenopathy, and a maculopapular rash that affects the face and trunk. CD4+ may have a transient decrease followed by a rise, although not to preinfection levels.
B) After the acute infection subsides, most individuals show no clinical manifestations of HIV infection for several years. However, during this prolonged asymptomatic period, HIV actively replicates, and there is an intense reduction in the half-life of circulating CD4+ T lymphocytes.
C) HIV-related conditions develop as CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts decline. Early conditions are generally non-life-threatening and include headache and fatigue. Over time, the conditions become more severe and include fever, night sweats, diarrhea, and mucocutaneous abnormalities.
D) HIV-related conditions develop as CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts decline. Early conditions include headache and fatigue. Over time, the conditions become more severe and include fever, night sweats, diarrhea, and mucocutaneous abnormalities. The most advanced stage of HIV infection is AIDS, characterized by severe immunodeficiency (i.e., CD4+ T-lymphocyte count < 200 cells/mm3), opportunistic infections (such as CMV), and/or malignancies.
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