The first task in psychology is to make accurate observations about behavior. This means that psychologists must first ________ behavior
a. predict
b. explain
c. control
d. describe
Answer: d. describe
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The so-called "certainty effect" in decision-making refers to tendency for people to give greater weight to ____ than to ____
a. definite outcomes; probabilities b. possible positive outcomes; possible negative outcomes c. immediate (soon-to-happen) outcomes; future (far off) outcomes d. common outcomes; rare outcomes
Fiona modifies her behavior to fit each situation. She is an example of:
a. low self-efficacy b. high self-efficacy c. low self-monitoring d. high self-monitoring
Food and water are examples of ________
a. latent reinforcers b. higher-order reinforcers c. secondary reinforcers d. primary reinforcers
Which of the following was a factor in people's ability to solve the four-card selection problem?
a. the abstract nature of the problem c. availability heuristic b. memory capacity d. means-end analysis