Which of the following is a good example of two genes that are orthologous?
A) the promoter and the repressor genes of the lac operon in E. coli
B) the genes for the first two enzymes in the glycolytic pathway
C) the gene for the photosynthetic enzyme RuBisCO in a fern and in an oak
D) the human gene for the cell surface protein Siglec-12, and the human pseudogene Siglec-13
E) None of these pairs are orthologous.
C
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Diversity is often ________ when ARISA or T-RFLP is used
A) underestimated B) overestimated C) not represented D) biased
The fusion of gametes, resulting in the formation of a zygote, is called ____
Fill in the blank with the appropriate word.
If you forgot to heat fix a smear before doing a Gram stain, which of the following might occur?
A. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria would both stain purple. B. The stains would not adhere to the bacteria. C. The decolorization step of the Gram stain would not work properly. D. The smear may not adhere to the slide.
If horizontal gene transfer was predominant in early evolution, what effect does this have on building the tree of life?
a. Horizontal gene transfer places viruses firmly at the beginning of the tree of life. b. Horizontal gene transfer blurs the concept of species making it difficult to delineate ancestral species. c. Horizontal gene transfer resulted in chloroplasts that confuse the plant lineage. d. Horizontal gene transfer means that life-forms do not share a history of common descent.