Why do RNA viruses appear to have higher rates of mutation?
A) RNA nucleotides are more unstable than DNA nucleotides.
B) Replication of their genomes does not involve proofreading.
C) RNA viruses can incorporate a variety of nonstandard bases.
D) RNA viruses are more sensitive to mutagens.
B
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As electrons move through the proteins that reside between Photosystem II and Photosystem I, they lose energy. What is that energy used for?
a. The energy is used to pump water from the stroma of the chloroplast, maintaining osmotic balance. b. The energy is used to harvest photons from sunlight on the leaves of the plants. c. The energy is used to move hydrogen ions from the stromal side of the membrane to the thylakoid lumen. d. The energy is used to break water to replenish lost electrons in an earlier step of the process.
Multiple sclerosis
a. is an autoimmune disorder. b. involves destruction of myelin sheaths of CNS neurons. c. destroys oligodendrocytes. d. results in dizziness, numbness, and muscle weakness. e. includes all of these descriptions.
Which of the following is NOT part of the appendicular skeleton?
a. clavicle b. scapula c. fibula d. ribs e. patella
The proteome ________.
A. is the entire collection of proteins that an organism can produce B. is another way of referring to the array of proteins that cover the surface of some prokaryotes C. refers to the complete amino acid sequence of a protein D. is a proteinaceous organelle of cyanobacteria that can be used as a source of carbon and fixed nitrogen