A study of police shootings of civilians in Chicago calculated the number of shootings of whites, blacks, and Hispanics per number of people of each group who had been arrested for serious crimes. This study concluded that:
a. blacks were shot much more often than Hispanics and whites.
b. Hispanics were shot much more often than blacks and whites.
c. all three groups had about the same chance of being shot.
d. blacks and Hispanics were shot much more often than whites.
Answer: c
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Which of the following statements best captures the ideology behind the Control and Restore phase believed to be necessary for successful prisoner reentry?
a. Prerelease programming, such as that provided by the Control and Restore phase, immediately precedes release from prison and focuses on preparing offenders through institution-based programming. b. Community-based transition programs allow offenders to enact the skills they learned while participating in institution-based programs in a real-world environment. c. No services are provided during this phase, as offenders need to learn how to cope with the realities of life on the outside without the structure that they have come to expect. d. Although there is no monitoring of offenders, controlling and restoring offenders require them to do exactly what they are told, when they are told.
Goode’s Intensification model would suggest that when a heroin addict increases use, crime, especially property crimes, likewise increase and then crimes ___________ when the addict abstains
a. remains the same b. increase c. cease d. decrease
All of the following are criteria of Cesare Beccaria’s effective punishment EXCEPT it must ______.
a. be explained clearly to the recipient b. be swift c. be certain d. outweigh pleasure that the offender would get from committing the crime
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. Fake journals are created by predatory publishers who charge authors a large fee to publish their work. 2. Electronic search tools at most libraries are the best search engines for finding primary or original sources. 3. Boolean operators are useful only in limiting the results of an electronic search. 4. Contemporary sources were published within the last 3–5 years. 5. Abstracts provide, in about 150–250 words, the purpose, methods, findings, and conclusions of research.