A 78-year-old man has received a recent diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. Potential pathological findings on a recent chest x-ray have prompted his physician to order a bronchoscopy and lung function tests
Which of the following findings would be most likely suggestive of pathological processes rather than normal, age-related respiratory changes? A) The client has fewer cilia than would be found in a younger client.
B) Lung function tests reveal that both maximum breathing and vital capacity are diminished since his last test.
C) There is an accumulation of serous fluid between the lungs and the pleural membrane.
D) The lungs are smaller than younger adults' and there are fewer alveoli.
C
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While decreases in the number of cilia, alveoli, lung size, and lung capacities are commonly associated with aging, an accumulation of serous fluid would not be considered a normal consequence of the aging process.
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During pregnancy, an additional sound heard during auscultation of the heart may be:
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