How close did Napoleon Bonaparte come to conquering Europe, and what led to the dissolution of his empire?
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
a. At the height of his power, Napoleon controlled almost all of the European heartland, whether directly or indirectly as dependent states or allies.
b. The countries that kept their independence were Britain, Russia, Portugal, Sweden, Sardinia, Sicily, and the Ottoman Empire.
c. After 1810, Napoleon faced a number of crises: political dissent in France, military desertion, draft dodging, and excommunication.
d. A failed invasion of Russia was costly in terms of lives, resources, and morale.
e. A coalition of European powers defeated Napoleon and forced his abdication, first in 1814 and again in 1815 after he regained power.
f. The Congress of Vienna redrew the map of Europe, redrawing political boundaries to maintain a balance of power and restoring monarchs to their thrones.
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