One aspect of assessment when caring for the terminally ill is the assessment of hope. The nurse is assessing a patient with liver failure for the presence of hope. What is a hope-fostering category?
A) Uplifting memories
B) Ignoring negative outcomes
C) Envisioning one outcome
D) Avoiding an actual or potential threat
Ans: A
Feedback: Hope is a multidimensional construct that provides comfort as a person endures life threats and personal challenges. Buckley and Herth identified the following categories of hope-fostering activities among terminally ill hospice patients with various diagnoses: love of family and friends, spirituality/faith, setting goals and maintaining independence, positive relationships with clinicians, humor, personal characteristics, and uplifting memories. Options B, C, and D are not hope-fostering categories.
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Which of the following best describes a flaw of many of the health care bills passed during the last four decades?
a. They avoided interfering with the current health care approach and did not improve problems of access or duplication of efforts. b. They encouraged each state to do what was best for its residents without consideration of what was best for the nation as a whole. c. They created new layers of bureaucracy in health care administration. d. They did not include financing to pay for the suggested changes.
The spouse of a patient who acts confused and forgetful wants to know if there is a test to determine whether the patient has Alzheimer's disease. Which response by the nurse is correct?
a. "A diagnosis is made by administering medications and observing for potential improvement in symptoms." b. "The diagnosis is based on a patient's age, family history, serum apolipoproteins, and genetic testing." c. "Magnetic resonance imaging to demonstrate brain atrophy is the definitive test to determine Alzheimer's disease." d. "Proposed diagnostic criteria include measures of cognitive function and the presence of one known biomarker."
Laffrey, Loveland-Cherry, and Winkler describe two paradigms from which the key concepts of nursing science can be viewed. The health paradigm includes
1. Health defined as the absence of disease. 2. A view of the person's lifestyle judged by their prescribed regime 3. Humans viewed as complex and interconnected with the environment. 4. The directions nurses should take in community education.
Which of the following is most descriptive of the spiritual development of the older adolescent?
a. Beliefs become more abstract. b. Rituals and practices become increasingly important. c. Strict observance of religious customs is common. d. Emphasis is placed on external manifestations, such as whether a person goes to church.