An older patient diagnosed with pneumonia does not understand why the health problem occurred since respiratory problems have never been experienced. How should the nurse respond to this patient? Select all that apply.
1. Back joints are stiffer.
2. Less oxygen is used with aging.
3. Ciliary function decreases with age.
4. Retention of carbon dioxide occurs with aging.
5. Decreased immune function occurs with aging.
3. Ciliary function decreases with age.
5. Decreased immune function occurs with aging.
Explanation: 1. Back joints are stiffer with aging; however, this does not explain the onset of pneumonia in the patient.
2. Less oxygen is not used with aging.
3. Ciliary function is decreased with aging, which makes the older person more susceptible to pneumonia.
4. Retention of carbon dioxide is an indication of pathology and not a normal sign of aging.
5. Decreased immune function occurs with aging and makes the older person more susceptible to pneumonia.
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