Which of the following techniques are used to measure residual volume? 1. Helium dilution 2. Body plethysmography 3. Nitrogen washout 4. Flow-volume loops
a. 2 and 4 only
b. 1, 2, and 3 only
c. 1, 2, 3, and 4
d. 1, 3, and 4 only
ANS: B
There are three indirect techniques to measure residual volume and FRC. They are helium dilu-tion, nitrogen washout, and body plethysmography.
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