The influence of the researcher's expectations on the outcome of the study refers to _____
a. reactivity
b. expectancy effects
c. ecological validity
d. both reactivity and expectancy effects
b
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Regarding the incentive theory of motivation, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Incentive values are influenced by past learning experiences. b. Compared to drive theory, incentive theory is more concerned with internal need states. c. Incentive values are influenced by expectancies. d. Compared to drive theory, incentive theory is more concerned with the "pull" than the "push" of motivation. e. Cultural influences play a large role in determining individual incentive values.
Which is a type of circumstance in which women put themselves at risk for HIV/AIDS infection differently from men?
a. Having unprotected sex with partners whose sexual history is unknown b. Using contaminated needles when injecting illegal drugs c. Turning to prostitution in response to economic deprivation d. Having sex with multiple partners
Structuralists tended to ask, "How do behavior and mental processes help people adapt to the requirements of their lives?"
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Which of the following best describes the cross-cultural findings when comparing the frequencies of male and female characters in dreams?
A. Although there are a few exceptions, the frequencies found in American samples tend to be found in other cultures as well. B. American and European samples show different frequencies than non Western samples. C. Male characters tend to show up in dreams more frequently in male dominated societies. D. Although a consistent pattern is found in the results from different American samples, no clear pattern emerges when looking at studies using participants from other cultures.