A girl receives an injection and cries. Each time she receives an injection again, the same nurse gives it. Her mother notices that the child now cries when she sees this nurse even if no injection is given. This is an example of
A. classical conditioning.
B. negative reinforcement.
C. operant conditioning.
D. fixation.
Answer: A
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a. is added to the same stimulus. b. replaces one previously learned. c. must be completely extinguished. d. is blocked by past learning.
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Indicate whether the statement is true or false
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In a controlled experiment, a new treatment for test anxiety has shown to be effective in reducing treated clients' scores on an anxiety test. However, these clients report that they do not notice a difference in their anxiety after treatment. The change is probably
A. not statistically significant. B. not clinically significant. C. neither statistically nor clinically significant. D. not reliable but valid.