Which of the following can function in signal transduction in plants?
I) calcium ions
II) nonrandom mutations
III) receptor proteins
IV) autochrome
V) secondary messengers
A) only I, III, and IV
B) only I, II, and V
C) only I, III, and V
D) only II and IV
E) only II, III, and V
Answer: C
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Sodium has 11 electrons arranged in three energy levels. In order to become stable, sodium forms an ion with:
A. no charge. B. -1 charge. C. +8 charge. D. +1 charge. E. -8 charge.
A mutation in the promotor region of a gene can result in cancer. Which of these scenarios results in cancer?
a. The mutation is in the promoter region for an enzyme that metabolizes starch, such as amylase. Starch digestion is disrupted. b. The mutation is in the promoter region for a protein that controls rebuilding of the telomeres. As a result, these cells die prematurely. c. The mutation is in the promoter region for a protein that controls a key gate-keeper in the cell cycle. Without the gate-keeper, the cell blows through that checkpoint and continues with growth, unchecked. d. The mutation is in the promoter region for a calcium channel in the cell membrane of bone cells. The result of the mutation is a buildup of excess calcium in the extracellular space.
A tRNA with the anticodon sequence 5? IUC 3? will not normally exist because
A) 5? GAU 3? and 5? GAC 3? specify asparagine, but 5? GAA 3? specifies glutamic acid. B) 5? GAU 3? and 5? GAC 3? specify different amino acids. C) I is not a base present in tRNAs. D) 5? GAU 3? and 5? GAC 3? both specify asparagine.
Elastic cartilage is found in
a. the ends of long bones. b. the outer flaps of the ears. c. intervertebral discs. d. the trachea. e. the ribs.