During the initial stages of shock, what are the physiological effects of decreased cardiac output?
a. Arterial vasodilation
b. High urine output
c. Increased parasympathetic stimulation
d. Increased sympathetic stimulation
D
A reduction in blood pressure leads to an increase in catecholamine release, resulting in an increase in heart rate and contractility to improve cardiac output. Decreased cardiac output leads to arterial vasoconstriction in an effort to increase blood pressure. Low urine output results, as decreased cardiac output reduces blood flow to the kidneys. There is an increase in sympathetic stimulation in response to a decrease in cardiac output.
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A client with mild preeclampsia is ordered to stay on bed rest at home, lying on either side. Why is client teaching essential to improve her compliance with this plan of care?
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The S1 heart sound corresponds to which physiological event?
1. Closure of the AV valves 2. Closure of the semilunar valves 3. Ejection of blood from the atria 4. The onset of relaxation