The nurse is caring for an older client with end-stage renal disease. What actions should the nurse take to support this client's spiritual development?
1. Support the client to have hope for a cure.
2. Suggest the client view losses as liberations.
3. Encourage the client to reminisce about life events.
4. Ask open-ended questions about the client's life purpose.
5. Remind the client that time is running out to make any life changes.
Correct Answer: 2, 3, 4
Rationale 1: Supporting the client to have hope for a cure does not support the client's spiritual development.
Rationale 2: A nursing action to support the older client's spiritual development includes supporting the client to reframe losses of aging as liberations.
Rationale 3: A nursing action to support the older client's spiritual development includes encouraging the client to conduct a life review or reminisce.
Rationale 4: A nursing action to support the older client's spiritual development includes asking open-ended questions to encourage open discussion about the client's life.
Rationale 5: Reminding the client that time is running out to make any life changes does not support the client's spiritual development.
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