Describe the chemical composition of DNA. What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER: Organisms contain two types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA. DNA is found in the nucleus
and mitochondria of cells and is made up of subunits known as nucleotides. A nucleotide has
three components. The first component is a nitrogen-containing base. There are two types of
bases, purines and pyrimidines. DNA’s four bases are adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T),
and cytosine (C). The second component of DNA is a sugar called deoxyribose. The last
component is a phosphate group, which is strongly acidic. The components of a nucleotide
are assembled by covalently linking one of the four bases to the sugar, which in turn is
covalently linked to the phosphate group. Nucleotides are then linked together into
polynucleotide chains. DNA contains two polynucleotide chains.
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What molecular mechanism/feature does site-directed mutagenesis exploit to introduce a mutation at a specific site?
A) flanking complementary bound nucleotides permit non-complementary base pairing B) methylated nucleotides disrupt DNA polymerase's proofreading C) nucleotide substitution when one is depleted D) transposase-induced base pair changes
Myoglobin content is high in ____
a. fast anaerobic fibers only b. slow muscle fibers only c. slow muscle fibers and fast aerobic muscle fibers d. fast aerobic and fast anaerobic muscle fibers e. slow muscle fibers and fast anaerobic fibers
Homeotic genes generally control
a. X chromosome inactivation. b. formation of specific body parts c. hormone synthesis. d. dosage compensation. e. none of these.
The figure shown here is from a "meta study" of all the published findings on the relationship between the CC genotype (linked to increased novelty-seeking behavior) and scores on novelty-seeking measures. What do the light blue bars in the graph represent?
a) the average difference in novelty-seeking between CC individuals and CT individuals b) the level of dopamine-receptors found for each study c) the average number of questionnaires responded to in each study d) the number of CC individuals in each study e) the number of studies and relative CC-individual novelty-seeking scores for each one