While discussing hormonal control of bone formation, one should note that which hormone lowers blood calcium levels and decreases bone resorption?
A) Vitamin D
B) Calcitonin
C) Prolactin
D) Phosphate
Ans: B
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Whereas parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases blood calcium levels, the hormone calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting the release of calcium from bone into the extracellular fluid and by decreasing bone resorption. Vitamin D functions as a hormone in regulating body calcium; it increases calcium absorption from the intestine and promotes the actions of PTH on bone. PTH and prolactin stimulate vitamin D production by the kidney. Changes in the concentration of phosphate ions may affect serum calcium levels due to their inverse relationship. Phosphate is not a hormone.
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