According to the Supreme Court, show-ups are:
a. so suggestive that they are always unconstitutional.
b. permissible if they do not result in a very substantial likelihood of misidentification.
c. unconstitutional if the police could have reasonably been able to set up a lineup instead.
d. are permissible only if defense counsel is present when they are conducted.
b
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The following statement, "Raters often tend to rate higher than is justified those persons they know well and like as well as those who subscribe to the same opinions as the supervisor," best describes the error of:
a. Leniency b. Central tendency c. Personal bias d. Halo
Which search pattern has the searchers doubling back perpendicularly across the area being examined?
A. Spiral B. Strip/line C. Zone/quadrant D. Grid
After September 11, 2001, the FBI changed its priorities to include protecting the United States from terrorist attack
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
When an officer uses force beyond what is prescribed in the continuum of force, it is often referred to as which of the following?
A. excessive discretion B. police authoritarianism C. police brutality D. both A and B