Answer the following questions about smart pointers:
a) Briefly describe the advantages of shared_ptr over auto_ptr.
b) Describe a situation in which a custom deleter function would be used.
c) Describe a situation in which you’d use a weak_ptr that is not responsible for lifetime management of its resource.
a) Multiple shared_ptrs can point to a resource, but only one auto_ptr can point to a given resource. When you copy an auto_ptr you can only access the resource through the new auto_ptr. Because of the ability to be copied, shared_ptrs can be used in STL containers and algorithms; auto-ptrs cannot. shared_ptrs can also be used to point to an array by providing a custom deleter function object that calls delete[] instead of delete.
b) A custom deleter function would be used when a shared_ptr points to a dynamically allocated array of objects. Another use would be when a shared_ptr points to an object that manages a file, database or network connection.
c) A common use of weak_ptrs is when two objects each store pointers to one another. This prevents a possible memory leak when the objects go out of scope.
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