Clostridium botulinum produces a deadly toxin that stops muscle contractions by ____
a. destroying cell membranes
b. killing mitochondria
c. disrupting the structure of actin filaments
d. preventing ATP synthesis
e. blocking acetylcholine release
ANSWER: e
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In ____, the gray crescent establishes the ____ axis of the body
a. birds; dorsal-ventral b. frogs; dorsal-ventral c. humans; dorsal-ventral d. birds; anterior-posterior e. sea urchin; anterior-posterior
Which structure separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?
a. the diaphragm b. the liver c. the stomach d. the duodenum e. the ribs
Neisseria is distinguished from many other Gram-negative pathogens by being (catalase/oxidase/dismutase) positive
What will be an ideal response?
In a strain of bacteria, a mutation changes the sequence of repeat 2 in the Crispr gene (see figure). How will this affect bacterial immunity?
A. The bacteria will have no defense against the first infection with any bacteriophage. B. The bacteria will have adaptive immunity against second infection with bacteriophage A, C, and D, but not B. C. The bacteria will have adaptive immunity against second infection with bacteriophage A, but not B, C, or D. D. The bacteria not have adaptive immunity against any second infections.