Who defines the standards of care for the practice of nursing? (Select all that apply.)
a. State boards of nursing
b. Hospital policy and procedures
c. Federal laws regulating health care facilities
d. The Joint Commission
e. Professional nursing associations
ANS: A, C, D, E
Standards of care are defined by state boards of nursing, federal laws regulating health care facilities, The Joint Commission, and professional nursing associations such as the American Nurses Association. Individual hospital policies and procedures incorporate federal and state guidelines into their respective policies and procedures and are often more stringent than state and federal regulations.
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What primarily maintains extracellular fluid osmolarity?
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