Describe two methods that scientists are currently investigating as ways to repair the central nervous system after damage.
What will be an ideal response?
Scientists have been investigating the use of a drug that prevents GABA from reducing plasticity while allowing GABA to inhibit excitotoxicity caused by glutamate. This drug has been effective in helping mice recover from brain damage. Axon regrowth is being prompted through a drug that blocks receptors for Nogo-A, as that protein prevents regeneration after injury. Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord along with some drugs resulted in increased axon regrowth and motor behavior in rats with spinal cord damage. Stem cells are being investigated since they are pluripotent, and some patients treated with stem cells have shown improved motor functioning.
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All parents think their little kids are geniuses. However, to be classified as a genius, the IQ score must be above ________
a) 120–125 b) 130–135 c) 140–145 d) 150–155
Barney has developed a psychological dependence on alcohol, but not a physiological dependence. This means that _____
a. his body chemistry has changed and he is likely to experience withdrawal syndrome if he stops using alcohol b. his body chemistry has changed, but he will not experience significant withdrawal syndrome if he stops usingalcohol c. his body chemistry has not changed, but he is likely to experience withdrawal syndrome if he stops using alcohol d. he has come to rely on alcohol to alleviate his feelings of anxiety when he is around his mother-in-law, but this will not create significant withdrawal symptoms if he stops using alcohol e. his body chemistry has not changed, and he will not experience significant withdrawal syndrome if he stops using alcohol
In many species, a young male bird learns its song by listening to adult males. Development of the song requires certain genes and the opportunity to hear the appropriate song during a sensitive period early in life. What type of explanation is illustrated here?
a. evolutionary b. ontogenetic c. neurological d. physiological
Ethical standards permit deception in research studies if
A) the participants are young enough that they would not understand the deception. B) the benefits to society justify the risks to the participants. C) researchers can observe participants from behind one-way mirrors. D) the participants give informed consent and the researchers never reveal the real purpose of the study.