Judd is considered obese and has a weakness for donuts. His therapist decides to try a new therapeutic approach wherein he sprinkles an invisible, bitter-tasting powder on top of the donuts. The powder will cause a noxious effect. What technique is being used to help Judd with this weakness?
A. Token economies
B. Aversion therapy
C. Guided exposure therapy
D. EMDR therapy
Answer: B
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The cognitive approach to explaining the etiology of depressive disorders maintains that people who are more likely to develop depressive disorders tend to do all of the following EXCEPT
a. attribute their setbacks to personal flaws instead of to situational factors. b. ruminate about, or dwell over, their depression. c. misinterpret harmless situations as threatening. d. have a pessimistic explanatory style.
Gary trains his hamster to roll a marble. First, he reinforces the hamster when it walks toward the marble, then he reinforces when it touches the marble with its nose. Finally, the hamster learns to roll the marble and is reinforced for it
This example illustrates ________. a. chaining b. counterconditioning c. shaping d. classical conditioning
Which of the following statements regarding cross-cultural differences in emotions is true?
a. The tendency to express and detect emotions varies as a function of culture. b. Cross-cultural differences in emotion reflect the child's incorporation of particular cultural beliefs about emotion. c. Chinese children are better at detecting fearfulness and sadness than American children are. d. All of the above are true.
Which of the following makes it difficult to determine if there are gender-related differences in behavior and cognition?
A. People tend to treat children dressed as boys or girls in different, subtle ways. B. The results show evidence for strong differences, but people don't want to accept them. C. There are large differences between boys and girls, but highlighting those is not politically correct. D. It is too hard to categorize people into genders for this to be studied.