A pregnant woman is HIV-positive. She is asking about ways to decrease the risk of vertical transmission to her baby. Which option given by the nurse would confer the least risk to the baby?
A.
Antiretroviral medications (zidovudine [ZDV])
B.
Cesarean delivery
C.
Cesarean delivery plus antiretroviral medications for the newborn
D.
Vaginal delivery plus antiretroviral medications for the newborn
ANS: C
Women with HIV should be counseled that the risk of vertical transmission (mother to child) is 25% without antiretroviral medication. With ZDV, the rate is 5 to 8%. When both options are combined, the risk drops to around 2%, so this is the best option.
You might also like to view...
The nurse explains to the family of a terminally ill patient that the guidelines of managed care and the application of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) as they relate to the terminally ill cause:
a. patients to spend less time in hospitals. b. nurses to provide more care at home. c. more patients to die at home. d. patients to spend more time in long-term care facilities.
The nurse is planning discharge teaching for a client who has acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Which instruction does the nurse include in this client's discharge plan?
a. Avoid contact sports. b. Refrain from intercourse. c. Apply heat to any bruised areas. d. Use aspirin for headaches.
A nurse charts that the patient has halitosis. Halitosis can be a symptom of which of the following? Select all that apply
1. Stomach problems 2. Sinus infection 3. Leukemia 4. Poor hygiene 5. Pernicious anemia
A previously healthy client is hospitalized with left lower lobe (LLL) bacterial pneumonia. The nurse assesses chest pain with inspiration, productive cough of thick rusty sputum, and LLL fine inspiratory crackles and low-pitched expiratory wheezing. Which of the medications that the health care provider prescribes should the nurse question?
a. Furosemide 20 mg intravenous (IV) push every day b. Guaifenesin ER 600 mg PO every 12 hours c. Ibuprofen 600 mg PO every 6 hours PRN d. Levofloxacin 500 mg IV every day