What role did Buddhism gradually play in India and China?
What will be an ideal response?
A. Growth of Buddhism
1. a combination of meditation, prayer, and unselfish behavior, of varying intensity for different individuals according to their vocations in life, could achieve happiness
2. object was to escape desire which caused unhappiness
3. the aim was the ultimate extinction of all sense of self in a mystical state, called nirvana
4. the attainment of enlightenment concerned people in everyday occupations, including merchants and rulers
5. created powerful constituencies for the religion
6. they upheld the effectiveness of moral practice, alongside formal rituals, as a way to adjust humans' relationship with nature or with whatever was divine
B. Movement into India and China
1. in the first empire to cover most of India, Buddhism became a state ideology
2. the Chinese Empire became a growing arena within and beyond which Buddhism and native Chinese thought spread
3. Buddhism is the third, after Christianity and Islam, in terms of numbers of followers of the three world religions of today
4. it has spread over many different countries and cultures, whereas most religions tend to remain specific to their cultures of origin
5. owing to the fact that the scale of demands it makes on its followers is well suited to a variety of walks of life
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