Describe the directionality problem and explain how researchers attempt to avoid this problem in an experiment
What will be an ideal response?
It is possible to demonstrate a relationship between two variables by simply observing them. However, simple observation cannot establish the direction of the relationship. For example, you may observe that two variables change together consistently: as variable A increases, variable B also increases. However, you cannot determine whether changes in A are causing changes in B, or whether changes in B are causing changes in A. To avoid this problem in an experiment, the researcher takes charge and manipulates one of the variables. For example, the researcher increases the value of variable A and then observes variable B to see if it is affected by the increase. If B also increases, then the researcher can conclude that changing variable A has caused changes in variable B.
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Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest association between two variables?
a. -0.74 b. -0.15 c. +0.26 d. +0.62
Delora has posterior parietal damage. As a result, she ____.
A. can see an object, but is unable to describe it B. has good hand-eye coordination only if she closes one eye C. has difficulty accurately locating and approaching a sound D. will not step over an obstacle, although she can accurately describe it
The only neuropsychological syndrome for which antiviral therapy is likely to be helpful is
A) AIDS-related dementia. B) amnestic disorder. C) multi-infarct dementia. D) vascular dementia.
Which of the following has key concepts that can be most easily defined and scientifically studied?
A. humanistic theory B. psychodynamic, humanistic, and cognitive-social theory C. cognitive-social theory D. psychodynamic theory