Premodern Japan never created an effective centralized and bureaucratic state comparable to that of China. Which of the following is an accepted reason for that failure?
a. The emperors lost their ceremonial function to the Buddhist monks, thus decreasing respect for the monarchy.
b. The frequent threat of invasion by China put a premium on local defense.
c. Frequent changes in dynasty destabilized the Japanese monarchy.
d. Competing aristocratic families had real political power, providing a centrifugal pull against centralization.
Answer: d. Competing aristocratic families had real political power, providing a centrifugal pull against centralization.
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During the depression, the unemployed turned to all of the following EXCEPT
a. selling apples. b. illegal gambling. c. religion. d. communism.
In his attitude toward the German Social Democratic Party, Bismarck sought to
A) remove the reasons for the existence of the Socialists. B) get Socialist support against the Catholics. C) cooperate with the Socialist members of Parliament. D) encourage the spread of party membership. E) execute, exile, and eliminate the Socialists.
During the Early Empire (14-180 C.E.), the Roman army
A) was increased to 400,000 men. B) was dominated by only Italian legionaries. C) was successful in invading Gaul. D) became corrupt due to nepotism. E) became mostly made up of German soldiers, although Romans remained the officers.
The Romantic movement is best described as
a. a reaction against the rationalism of the Enlightenment. b. a movement to restore traditional religious values outlawed in the Revolution. c. a cooperative arrangement of art and literature to support the restoration of prerevolutionary governments in Europe. d. a strongly pacifist movement ideologically opposed to nationalism. e. none of these.