Consider a protein that is targeted to be an integral membrane protein on the surface of a cell. It has a specific functional domain (domain Y) facing the cytoplasm of the cell. How will this protein be oriented in the Golgi?
A) It will be embedded in the Golgi membrane with domain Y facing the cytoplasm of the cell.
B) It will be completely within the Golgi lumen, not embedded in the membrane.
C) It will be outside the Golgi as a peripheral membrane protein.
D) It will be embedded in the Golgi membrane with domain Y facing the lumen of the E.R.
Ans: A) It will be embedded in the Golgi membrane with domain Y facing the cytoplasm of the cell.
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Nondisjunction of X chromosomes may occur during meiosis 1 of oogenesis to form 2 types of eggs. If normal sperm fertilize these two types of egg, which of the following are possible sex chromosome complements?
A. XX and XY B. XYY and XO C. XYY and YO D. XXY and XO E. XXX and XYY
The secretory systems of Type III and Type IV pathogenic bacteria differ in their mode of attacking cells in which of the following ways?
A. Type III systems bind to the cellular membrane by slimy mucilage and toxins diffuse across the membrane, whereas Type IV systems infect materials using pili as transfer tubes. B. Type IV systems bind to the cellular membrane by slimy mucilage and toxins diffuse across the membrane, whereas Type III systems infect materials using pili as transfer tubes. C. Both systems attach to cells in the same way but they differ merely in the chemicals that they inject into the host cell. D. Type III systems use flagella modified as "syringes" to inject materials into cells they are infecting whereas Type IV systems use modified pili as transfer tubes. E. Type IV systems use flagella modified as "syringes" to inject materials into cells they are infecting whereas Type III systems use modified pili as transfer tubes.
Female gonads are regulated by __________ hormone and luteinizing hormone. Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s)
The theory that chloroplasts and mitochondria had their evolutionary beginnings in eukaryotic cells as endosymbionts is supported by all of the following EXCEPT:
a. chloroplasts and mitochondria are completely autonomous within eukaryotic cells. b. chloroplasts and mitochondria have DNA. c. chloroplasts and mitochondria have small ribosomes for protein synthesis. d. chloroplasts and mitochondria are approximately the same size as prokaryotic cells. e. chloroplasts and mitochondria have the same shape as prokaryotic cells.